Zidovudine (AZT): What it is and how it’s used

Zidovudine, also called AZT, is an antiretroviral medicine used to treat HIV. Doctors often prescribe it as part of a combination regimen. It was one of the first drugs to show clear benefits against HIV. Today zidovudine still helps reduce viral load and protect the immune system when used correctly.

How zidovudine works and common uses

Zidovudine blocks an enzyme HIV needs to copy itself. That slows viral replication and lowers the amount of virus in the blood. Clinicians use zidovudine in combination with other antiretrovirals for treating HIV infection. It is also used in prevention after exposure (PEP) and can be part of mother-to-child transmission prevention during pregnancy.

Dosing, side effects, and monitoring

Typical dosing varies by formulation and patient factors. Your clinician will pick the right dose and schedule. Common side effects include nausea, headache, fatigue, and sometimes anemia. Blood tests are needed regularly to watch for low red blood cell counts and liver changes. If you notice unusual tiredness, shortness of breath, or persistent fever, contact your healthcare team quickly.

Taking zidovudine safely means following instructions. Take zidovudine exactly as prescribed. Missing doses can reduce effectiveness and promote resistance. Use a pill organizer, set phone reminders, or link doses to daily routines like meals. If you forget a dose, follow your prescriber’s instructions or contact the clinic for advice instead of doubling up.

Drug interactions and precautions matter. Tell your provider about all medicines, vitamins, and supplements you use. Some drugs can raise side effect risks or change how zidovudine works. Avoid combining zidovudine with certain cancer drugs unless a specialist manages the plan. People with existing liver or blood disorders need closer monitoring.

Pregnancy, breastfeeding, and zidovudine are common topics in clinics. Zidovudine has a long history of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission when used properly during pregnancy and delivery. Pregnant people should talk to their HIV care team about the safest regimen. Breastfeeding while HIV-positive has specific risks that vary by country and access to treatment; discuss options with your provider.

For potential recent exposure to HIV, zidovudine can be part of a short PEP course started as soon as possible, ideally within 72 hours. PEP typically lasts 28 days and should be guided by emergency services or an HIV clinic. Early action matters.

Where to get reliable information: Ask your HIV clinic, pharmacist, or primary care provider for details about zidovudine. Reputable online sources include national health agencies and established HIV organizations. If cost or access is a concern, ask about patient assistance programs or local resources.

Common questions to ask your provider: What are the expected benefits? Which side effects should prompt immediate care? How will we monitor blood counts? Are there cheaper generic options or patient programs? How does zidovudine fit with my other medications?

Store tablets at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep refills up to date and talk to your pharmacist about dose reminders and support services. for help.

This provides practical basics about zidovudine. For personalized care, always speak with your prescribing clinician.